definition

  Encyclopedia Britannica defines engineering as "the application of scientific principles to transform natural resources into structures, machines, products, systems, and processes in an optimized way, so as to benefit mankind". Engineers apply art that is practical, scientific, conforms to the laws of mathematics, values ​​experience, requires judgment and common sense. Satisfying the development needs of human society, based on natural laws, using human wisdom and creativity are the key elements of engineering. Engineering comes from the needs of the development of human society. When humans try to use tools to improve their lives and living environment, the demand for engineering and its technology also arises.

The relationship between engineering and science

Theodore von Carmen, an American-Hungarian aerodynamicist and aerospace engineering expert, once stated the relationship between engineering and science: "Scientists (home) study the existing world, and engineers never create The world I have ever had."
       
  Humanity comes from nature. With the progress of human society, mankind has generated more and more needs for understanding and even transforming nature, and thus science, technology, engineering and final products that meet these needs have been born.
  The revolution of contemporary science and technology has greatly promoted the development of engineering and its products, and these engineering and its products that realize human dreams, in turn, provide new means for the development of science and technology.
The history of the project has not been smooth sailing. Many times accompanied by sacrifices, Wan Hu is one of them. Although he failed, he still has the spirit to explore. He once wanted to fly to the sky to see beyond the earth. world. He wanted to break through the sky, but such an approach cost him his life. Many people at the time did not approve of his move. Until human beings thought of a good development step by step, we were falling behind. Especially in terms of science and technology, people are slowly paying attention to his approach, and because of his approach, we have made great progress in development.

Research and development

  International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development defines it as “the work of systematically increasing human, cultural and social knowledge and applying this knowledge to new applications”. In view of the nature of research and development work, R&D work can be divided into basic research, technology development and product development. Basic research aims to discover the laws of nature. It is a long-term research work and has the characteristics of expected uncertainty and uncertainty in the research period.

Way of thinking

  The three core elements of scientific thinking and dialectical thinking: based on or using experimental evidence, logical reasoning, and an attitude of questioning existing knowledge
1. Experimentalism: always based on experimental evidence
1) People have been supervised and taught by their parents since they were born. The positive and negative measures taken by parents will make people listen to, believe in, and obey authority.
2) People generally believe that relying on experienced or trained personnel or institutions for decision-making will have higher survival and development prospects than relying on those without these qualifications. Therefore, the behavioral character of obedience to authority is continuously strengthened and passed on from generation to generation.
3) Issuing instructions through authorized agencies is the fastest and most efficient way of information dissemination.
2. Logical reasoning
3. Questioning: always adopt a questioning attitude

  Practical scientific method to solve the problem: ①determine the research topic  ②investigation  ③propose a solution  ④verify  ⑤judgment ⑥draw conclusion

Lateral thinking
  Creativity usually comes from new ideas generated in novel ways. The logical thinking of the scientific method usually advances along the line of thought, so it can be said to be "vertical", while horizontal thinking can usually generate new ideas or change the entire reference system.

3. Engineering thinking
  Starting from the entertainment of assembling toys in childhood, human engineering thinking ability has been exercised and developed. Engineering thinking design activities to transform the world. In order to improve lives, people apply engineering thinking and the things, techniques and methods they have mastered or observed to imagine and reconstruct the human world. Engineering thinking is usually associated with creative activities. Engineering thinking involves seeking reasonable solutions to multiple constraints.

4. Engineer's way of thinking: ①Simple problems ②Composite problems a. Abandon the criteria or standards that cannot be measured. b. Based on the actual situation, express the relative value of the criteria or standards, and then try to convert the composite problem into a simple problem. c. Break down the problem into simple problems that can be solved individually.

5. Engineers apply natural science and mathematics to solve problems. So the connection between engineering and these sciences is obvious.

6. In the process of engineering product development involving human needs, it is inevitable to encounter some technical difficulties or bottlenecks. These technical problems or bottlenecks often need to solve some related basic scientific problems. The exploration of these basic scientific problems is called applied basic research.

summary

  The relationship between science and engineering is similar to the relationship between analysis and synthesis. Science masters the laws of nature by analyzing nature, while engineering comprehensively applies these scientific laws to solve the problems faced by nature. Science is analysis, discovery, integration and creation by engineers.